Buridans ass

A simple solution is achieved by introducing a waiter at the table. Philosophers must ask his permission before taking up any forks. Because he is aware of which forks are in use, he is able to arbitrate and prevent deadlock. When four of the forks are in use, the next philosopher to request one has to wait for the waiter's permission, which is not given until a fork has been released. The logic is kept simple by specifying that philosophers always seek to pick up their left hand fork before their right hand fork (or vice versa).
In fact Leibniz opposed fatalism and had a more nuanced and characteristic version of the principle
of sufficient reason..a distinction must be made between certain and
necessary